* Precipitation graphics are drawn using Z scores. A trend curve (polinomial) has been added to these graphics for better vision and ease in grouping processes.

* Similar stations are grouped benefiting from Z scores and graphics, and dispersed on a map. Therefore, rainfall regime regions are determined.

* In addition to this, correlation values (R) are calculated between Antalya and Muğla Meteorology stations representing the Mediterranean rainfall regime and the others, so they are the fixing stations which have great differences from others.

Conclusion

* Correlation values of examined meteorology stations show the similarities to the Mediterranean Rainfall regime: 1.00-90.0 in 39 stations, 90.0-80.0 in 14 stations, 80.0-70.0 in 14 stations, 70.0-60.0 in 6 stations, 60.0-50.0 in 10 stations, 50.0-0.0 in 18 stations, in 7 stations the rate below the zero (0). According to this, the Mediterranean rainfall regime and similar conditions are seen in the most of the region in Turkey.

* According to the statistical analyses and rainfall graphics (Figure 1) it is seen that there are three main rainfall regimes (Table 1) and the regions that they have effects on them (Figure 2).

These main rainfall regime and sub-regime types are as follows:

A. The Mediterranean Rainfall Regime: In general, it is seen rainy months during the winter and spring seasons, arid summer months. This regime starts to change as going away from the Marmara and Aegean shores. This regime comprises six sub-type with respect to the rainfall and Z scores according to the graphics.

Type A1: This is seen in the regions of Mediterrenean and  Agean Cost areas and the South Cost of Marmara Sea. Monthly Z-values for November – March period are positive whereas these numbers are negative for the April to October  period. The positive maximum values are seen in December and January. The negative minimum values, on the other hand, are observed in July and August.

Type A2: This type of regime is observed in East Mediterrenean Costs and around İskenderun and Dörtyol. This type differs from the type one in that Z-scores are positive in April and October and the negative scores are observed less, about 2 months.

Type A3: This is observed in the back side of the Mediterenean Costs, especially in the region of South East and East Anatolia. Pozitive scores is seen more (for 6 months),covering November to April.

Type A4: This type is generally observed in the inner part of the Anatolian land. Negative period is two months less than the type A1 and cover 5 months and April and May have positive scores.

Type A.5: This is observed in the central and the East part of Anatolia. Positive scores are found in October to May period and the period for the negative scores are less, being 4 months.

Type A.6: This type of regime is seen in the central part of Anatolia. 7-months period, November/December to June, show positive Z-values. Negative values for Z are observed in July, which is 2 months late than type A1. This shows the continentality effect.

B. Black Sea Rainfall Regime: All seasons are known to be rainy. Fall and Winter seasons have maximum values for rainfall. Rainfall graphics are classified to 3 sub categories as follows:

Type B1: In this category, Z-scores are well beyond the average value for September to January period, whereas it is under the average during February to August. The months April and May differ much in the negative sense than the average, whereas October has more positive deviation than the average.

Type B.2: During September to February period, Z-scores are above the average value. March to August months, on the other hand, lie under the average. The maximum positive deviation is seen in Ocober and December, whereas the minimum deviation from the average is observed in May and June.

Type B.3: During October to March Z-scores are above the average. April to September, on the other hand, lie under the average. The maximum positive deviation is seen in November and December, whereas the minimum deviations from the average is observed in July and August. This situation shows that the Mediterrenean climatic conditions are being dominant.

C. Continental Rainfall Regime: Spring and Summer seasons are rainy and winter is less rainy in this regime. From this point of view it is different than Mediterrenean Rainfall regime. From the Z-scores we have 3 categories as well for this regime. This regime is seen especially in the high plateu and mountains and basin in between.

Type C.1: During April to August Z-scores are above the average. September to March, on the other hand, lie under the average. The maximum negative deviation is seen in December and January, whereas the maximum positive deviations from the average is observed in May and June.

Type C.2: During April to June Z-scores are above the average. July to March, on the other hand, lie under the average. The maximum negative deviation is seen in August and September, whereas the maximum positive deviations from the average is observed in June and July.

Type C.3: Z-scores are above the average during the period of March-June and October-November. With this property it differs than the two types. Z-sores, on the other hand, are below the average during July-March. The maximum negative deviation is seen in July and August, whereas the maximum positive deviations from the average is observed in April and May.

References:

Akman, Y.1990, İklim ve Biyoiklim, Palme Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara

Akyol, İ.H.1944, Türkiye’de Basınç, Rüzgarlar ve Yağış Rejimi, Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, No:2, pp: 5-6, Turkey

Çölaşan, Ü.E.1960, Türkiye İklimi, Ankara

Erinç, E. 1984. Klimatoloji ve Metodları, İst. Ünv. Yay No: 3278, pp:334, İstanbul

Koçman, A.1993, Türkiye İklimi, Ege Ünv. Ed. Fak. Yay. No:72, İzmir

Temuçin, E.1990, Aylık Değişme Oranlarına Göre Türkiye’de Yağış Rejimi Tipleri, Ege Coğrafya Derg. No:5, pp:160-181, İzmir

Çakıcı, M. 1991, Temel İstatistik, Emek Matbaacılık, İzmir.

Table 1: Main rainfall regime and sub-regime types